Dental health is a critical component of overall wellness, impacting not just oral health but also contributing to physical health. Regular dental check-ups can prevent many dental problems, but when issues arise, various procedures can address them. Here's an insight into seven common dental procedures and how they're performed, aimed at demystifying the processes for patients.

1. Dental Fillings

What They Are:

Dental fillings are used to repair teeth damaged by decay back to their normal function and shape. The process involves removing the decayed tooth material, cleaning the affected area, and then filling the cleaned-out cavity with a filling material.

How They're Done:

  • After numbing the area around the tooth, the dentist uses a drill, air abrasion instrument, or laser to remove decay.
  • The area is then cleaned to remove bacteria and debris.
  • A filling material---amalgam, composite resin, porcelain, or gold---is applied and shaped to match the tooth's surface.

2. Tooth Extractions

What They Are:

A tooth extraction is the removal of a tooth from its socket in the bone. It's performed for various reasons, including severe tooth decay, infection, or as preparation for orthodontic treatment.

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How They're Done:

  • The area around the tooth is numbed with local anesthesia.
  • Using forceps, the dentist gently rocks the tooth back and forth to loosen it from the jawbone and ligaments holding it in place.
  • Sometimes, a tooth may need to be removed in pieces if it's firmly anchored within its socket or the roots are curved.

3. Root Canal Therapy

What They Are:

Root canal therapy is a treatment used to repair and save a badly decayed or infected tooth instead of removing it. The procedure involves removing the damaged area of the tooth (the pulp), cleaning and disinfecting it, and then filling and sealing it.

How They're Done:

  • The dentist removes the inflamed or infected pulp using small files.
  • After thorough cleaning and disinfecting the inside of the tooth, a rubber-like material called gutta-percha is used to fill and seal the cavity.
  • In many cases, a crown is added for protection and to restore the tooth to full function.

4. Dental Crowns

What They Are:

Dental crowns, or "caps," cover and protect a damaged or weakened tooth, restoring it to its original shape, size, and function. Crowns can be made from various materials, including ceramic, porcelain, resin, or metal alloys.

How They're Done:

  • The tooth receiving the crown is filed down along the top and sides to make space for the crown itself.
  • An impression of the tooth is taken and sent to a dental lab where the crown is manufactured.
  • A temporary crown is placed until the permanent crown is ready, which is then cemented into place.

5. Dental Bridges

What They Are:

A dental bridge is used to replace one or more missing teeth, spanning the space where the teeth are missing. Bridges are cemented to the natural teeth or implants surrounding the empty space.

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How They're Done:

  • The abutment teeth are prepared by recontouring these teeth and taking impressions to provide a model for the bridge, pontic (replacement tooth), and crowns.
  • A temporary bridge is made to protect exposed teeth and gums while the custom bridge is manufactured.
  • The temporary bridge is removed, and the new bridge is checked and adjusted as necessary before being cemented into place.

6. Teeth Whitening

What They Are:

Teeth whitening is a cosmetic dental procedure that lightens teeth and helps remove stains and discoloration. It's among the most popular cosmetic dental procedures because it can significantly improve the appearance of one's teeth.

How They're Done:

  • Professional teeth whitening done by a dentist often involves application of a whitening product directly to the teeth.
  • This process might be accelerated using light, heat, or a combination.
  • Several visits are usually required; however, some results can be seen immediately.

7. Dental Implants

What They Are:

Dental implants are replacement tooth roots made of titanium, providing a strong foundation for fixed (permanent) or removable replacement teeth designed to match natural teeth.

How They're Done:

  • The implant, which looks like a screw or cylinder, is placed into the jawbone surgically.
  • Over the next two to six months, the implant and the bone are allowed to bond together to form an anchor for the artificial tooth. A temporary tooth replacement option can be worn over the site.
  • An additional surgery may be required to place the post that will hold the artificial tooth in place. Afterward, the artificial teeth are made and fitted to the post portion of the anchor.

Understanding these common dental procedures can alleviate anxiety and help patients make informed decisions about their dental care. Always consult with your dentist to discuss which treatments are suitable for your specific needs.

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