Creating pottery is a multi-step process that involves shaping, drying, firing, and often, surface treatments. One popular technique for achieving a smooth and lustrous finish on pottery is burnishing. Burnishing is a method of polishing the surface of clay using friction and pressure to create a beautiful sheen. In this article, we will explore the different burnishing techniques and how you can incorporate them into your pottery practice.

Understanding Burnishing

Burnishing has been used for centuries by cultures around the world to enhance the appearance and durability of pottery. The process involves rubbing the surface of the clay with a smooth object to compress the particles, align them, and create a polished effect. Burnishing not only gives pottery a smooth and glossy finish but also improves its resistance to moisture absorption.

Tools and Materials

To begin burnishing, gather the following tools and materials:

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  1. Leather or chamois cloth -- Used for burnishing the pottery surface.
  2. Water -- Necessary for wet burnishing and lubricating the surface.
  3. Rib tool -- A flexible tool with a curved edge, used for smoothing and compressing the clay during burnishing.
  4. Sponge -- Used for wetting the pottery and maintaining moisture during the burnishing process.

Dry Burnishing Technique

Dry burnishing is typically performed on bone‑dry pottery before it is fired. Follow these steps to achieve a smooth finish using the dry burnishing technique:

  1. Ensure that the pottery is completely dry and free from any moisture.
  2. Use a leather or chamois cloth to rub the surface of the pottery in small circular motions. Apply firm but gentle pressure.
  3. Continue burnishing until the desired level of smoothness and sheen is achieved. This may take some time depending on the size and hardness of the pottery.

Dry burnishing creates a subtle sheen and smooth texture on the surface of the pottery. However, it is important to note that this technique is not suitable for all clay bodies and may produce different results based on the type of clay used.

Wet Burnishing Technique

Wet burnishing is performed on pottery at the leather‑hard stage when the clay is still slightly damp. This technique allows for greater flexibility and control over the burnishing process. Follow these steps for wet burnishing:

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  1. Wet the surface of the pottery with a sponge or by spraying a fine mist of water.
  2. Use a rib tool or your fingers to rub the wet surface in circular motions, applying firm but gentle pressure.
  3. Periodically rewet the surface of the pottery as you work to maintain moisture and facilitate the burnishing process.
  4. Continue burnishing until the desired level of smoothness and sheen is achieved.

Wet burnishing provides more immediate results compared to dry burnishing and can create a higher level of shine on the pottery's surface. It also allows for easier correction of any imperfections during the burnishing process.

Finishing Touches

After burnishing, you may choose to further enhance the appearance of your pottery by adding decorative elements or surface treatments. Consider incorporating other techniques such as carving, sgraffito, or slip trailing to create intricate designs or patterns on the burnished surface.

Firing the Pottery

Once the burnishing process is complete and any additional surface treatments are applied, the pottery is ready for firing. It is important to note that burnished pottery requires careful handling during the firing process to avoid smudging or marring the polished surface. Be sure to follow the recommended firing temperature and schedule for your specific clay body.

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Final Considerations

Burnishing is a versatile technique that adds a unique touch to pottery, giving it a smooth, polished finish. Experiment with different tools, pressures, and surfaces to achieve various effects. Remember that burnishing works best on clay bodies with a higher percentage of fine particles, such as terra cotta or porcelain.

By incorporating burnishing into your pottery practice, you can elevate the aesthetic quality of your ceramics and create visually stunning pieces. Embrace the tactile nature of burnishing, explore different techniques, and enjoy the process of transforming your pottery into beautiful works of art.

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