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圬工职业水平3，练习指导，2004修订版，平装。Masonry Level 3 Trainee Guide, 2004 Revision, Perfect Bound.

因此，研究圬工拱桥的维修加固已是迫在眉睫。Therefore, it is urgent to study on masonry arch-bridge's reinforcement.

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因此，研究圬工拱桥的维修加固已是迫在眉睫。Therefore, the research on masonry arch-bridge's reinforcement is imminent.

采用较为简单的梯形梁单元分析圬工拱形建筑结构受荷载作用的力学性能。A tapered beam element model is used to simulate the behaviour of an arch structure under loading.

尤其是在设计拱的预拱度时，圬工拱桥的估算方法更不能替代钢管混凝土拱桥的预拱度。Especially, when set pre-arch of arch axes as old design criterion, the arch bridge cannot be accurately estimated.

提出了节约混凝土圬工数量的方法和增加基础稳定性所要采取的措施。And the methods saving concrete masonry quantity and strengthening the stability of pillar foundation are given in the paper.

简要介绍了圬工砌体的施工工艺、质量控制要点，提出了在砌体施工中应注意的几个问题。The paper introduced the construction technology, quality control of masonry body and proposed some problem in the construction for reference.

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圬工重力坝是泥石流工程防治常用的一种坝型，多建于特小流域或小流域沟谷的狭窄地段。Masonry-gravity dam, build at the narrow gully section of the small or very small basins, is a kind of retaining works of debris flow in common use.

圬工拱桥具有就地取材、节省钢筋和水泥、构造简单、有利于普及、承载潜力大、费用少等优点，在我国修建的比较多。With the merits of full use of the materials, saving steel bar and the cement, structure simple, big bearing potential, and costs few, the masonry arch-bridge is widely used in China.

本文首先从圬工拱结构的受力性能出发，讨论了砖土拱城门的结构形式、破坏机制及破坏原因。Begin with the mechanical behavior of masonry-arch structure, the structural formation, destroying mechanism and reason of ancient brick-and-clay city gate are discussed in this paper.