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钠是血管内影响血浆渗透压的主要离子。Sodium is the major intravascular ion that influences serum osmolality.

血清中的离子和非离子物质都参与形成血清渗透。Both ionic and nonionic substances in the serum contribute to the osmolality.

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通过稀释的方法测定了不同浓度的联合玻璃化保护剂的渗透压值。With the method of dilution, the osmolality of CPA of different concentration is measured.

不同时期心力衰竭组的血钠，尿渗量与对照组比较均存在显著差异。Serum sodium and urine osmolality were significantly different in CHF rats as compared with sham-operated rats.

在正常情况下，血浆中的阴离子、阳离子、葡萄糖和血尿素氮与血清渗透压有关。Under normal conditions, the serum ions and anions, glucose, and blood urea nitrogen contribute to the serum osmolality.

钠离子浓度和血管内渗透压以及组织间隙渗透压通过血管膜保持平衡。Sodium concentration and osmolality in the intravascular and interstitial spaces equilibrate across the vascular membrane.

加强中重型颅脑损伤后高血浆渗透压患者的护理，可以改善患者的预后。Paying more attention to patients with higher plasma osmolality after craniocerebral trauma could help to improve their prognosis.

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目的探讨中、重型颅脑外伤患者血浆渗透压水平变化的临床意义及其护理措施。Objective To evaluate the changes and significance of plasma osmolality in 136 patients with moderate and severe craniocerebral trauma.

血清钠急剧变化将引起自由水进出血管，直到各部分渗透压达到平衡。Acute changes in serum sodium will produce free water shifts into and out of the vascular space until osmolality equilibrates in these compartments.

乳酸对EPO表达影响的本质原因也是渗透压的作用，EPO的比生成速率随着渗透压的增加而下降。The essence of lactate effect on EPO expression was also the action of osmolality, and the EPO specific production rate decreased with the increase in osmolality.

同时介绍了静电场、渗透压等电场敏感水凝胶的响应机理及其在人工爬虫、化学阀和仿生驱动器等方面的应用。The response mechanism about electrostatic field and osmolality as well as the applications in artificial worm, chemical valve and bionic actuator are also introduced.

乳酸对重组CHO细胞生长影响的本质是渗透压的作用，细胞的生长速率随着渗透压的增加而下降。On the other hand, the essence of effect of lactate on cell growth was the osmolality action, and the growth rate of recombinant CHO cells decreased with the increase of osmolality.

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淡水长臂大虾、硫酸铜、高锰酸钾、四级铵类、渗透压、钠、钾、氯、钙、镁、总蛋白质、携氧血蓝素。Macrobrachium rosenbergii, Copper sulfate, Potassium permanganate, Benzalkonium chloride, Osmolality , Sodium, Potassium, Chloride, Calcium, Magnesium, Total protein, Oxy-hemocyanin.

在渗透胁迫条件下，细胞从外界快速吸收外源甜菜碱来代替自身相容性溶质的合成。When exogenously supplied, DLL-1 cells accumulated exogenous glycine betaine rapidly from medium to balance the extracellular osmolality instead of the synthesis of compatible solutes.

为了得到优化的透析清洗程序，变化清洗液以及血液流速，实验测定了透析法清除红细胞低温保护剂甘油过程中细胞渗透压的变化。In order to get the optimized washing procedure, the change in osmolality was measured experimentally with different blood side and dialysate side flow rates and under the conditions of prepriming.