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大约150个地方在测持续流量。Continuous streamflow is measured at about 150 locations.

对于许多元素来说，最重要的是丢失途径是在水流中。For many elements, the most substantial pathway of loss is in streamflow.

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采用单独流域实验法，利用长期定位观测数据，对森林火灾后河川径流的变化进行了研究。Based on the data obtained by single watershed experiment, the changes in streamflow by forest fire were studied.

由于缺乏相应预见期的可靠气象预报资料，中长期径流预报一般采用统计方法。Due to the lack of reliable meteorological inputs, statistical method is commonly used to mid-term and long-term streamflow prediction.

中长期径流预报是水文预报中的经典难题之一，其在防洪、水库调度及水资源管理中起着十分重要的作用。Mid-term and long-term streamflow prediction is of vital importance in flood control, reservoir operation and water resources management.

运用分形理论的计盒维数原理，采用网格法研究了岷江上游日径流过程线的分形特征。The grid technique of Box-counting methods is applied to fractal dimension of daily streamflow hydrograph in the upper reaches of Minjiang River.

用水文学方法找出典型年河水中地下径流成分，然后分割出壤中流和地面径流。再根据实测的水质和流量资料计算出流域非点源污染负荷。According to the variation of the components in the ground water of Streamflow within a year, the nonpoint pollutant load in a basin can be computed.

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流域春季各月多年径流量变化比较剧烈，春季和冬季径流量有增加趋势，夏季和秋季径流量有所减少。Spring and winter streamflow increased while summer and autumn streamflow decreased, especially, the low flow in spring exhibited significant augmented.

火烧后，森林对水分循环的调控能力减弱，径流的变化更加依赖于降雨。After forest fire, the ability to regulate the water circulation of forest was reduced, and the changes in streamflow depended on the precipitation even more.

首先利用1979-1984年的资料对模型参数进行率定，然后用1985-1987年资料对模型进行验证。The observation data of rainfall, evapotranspiration and streamflow from 1979 to 1984 and 1985 to 1987 were used to calibrate and validate the modal, respectively.

针对年内汛期与非汛期径流变化规律的差异，建立了月径流分期组合预报模型。In view of the differences of the monthly streamflow variation between during the flood season and non-flood season, ensemble prediction model by stages is developed.

尽管VIC模型中绝大多数参数都可通过地理信息来确定，但一些敏感性参数还须通过观测的流量资料来标定。Generally, although most of parameters can be deduced from geographic information, some sensitive parameters in VIC have to be calibrated based on observed streamflow data.

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提出立足于产汇流机理研究，建立基于RS和GIS的耦合水文模型是研究的趋势，尺度问题仍然是关注的焦点。Study on mechanism of runoff and streamflow has great foreground to build hydrological model coupled with GIS and RS, and hydrological scale problems should always be paid attention to.