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交换力的条件与同位旋完全无关。The condition of an exchange force has nothing to do with isospin.

推广了原来的RVUU模型，进一步分离了粒子的同位旋自由度。We generalize the previous RVUU model to he able to identify the isospin degree of freedom of particles.

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对单粒子能级的计算和分析表明超重核的壳结构是形变和同位旋相关的。The investigation of single-particle levels shows that the shell structure is deformed and isospin dependent.

这就意味着动量相关作用明显地提高了原子核阻止对于核子-核子碰撞截面的灵敏性。Namely, MDI increases the sensitivity of the nuclear stopping on the isospin dependence nucleon-nucleon cross section.

把强子同位旋概念直接推广到轻子后，发现轻子领域存在与强子相似的关系式。When isospin for hadrons is directly extended to leptons, the relations of leptons similar to the ones of hadrons are found.

它将在核系统的激发能、角动量和同位旋三个自由度深入进行。It will be fully exploited according the degree of freedom of excitation energy, angular momentum and isospin of the nuclear system.

评述了当前中能重离子碰撞中同位旋相关的输运理论及其研究进展，并指出了进一步研究的方向。The isospin dependent transport theories and their achievements are reviewed. The main subjects for further investigation are pointed.

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动量相关作用增强了中等质量碎片多重性对于核子-核子碰撞截面的同位旋依赖的敏感性。The momentum dependent interaction enhances the sensitivity of N imf to the isospin effects of in-medium nucleon-nucleon cross section.

结果表明同位旋对称势对于同位旋非对称度的依赖性很弱，但对于动量和密度均有较强的依赖性。The symmetry potential turns out to depend strongly on both momentum and density, while it is almost independent of the isospin asymmetry.

利用同位旋相关的量子分子动力学模型研究了中能重离子碰撞中同位旋分馏过程。The isospin fractionation in intermediate energy heavy ion collisions is studied by using isospin dependence quantum molecular dynamics model.

同时，研究表明碎裂反应的同位旋效应的消失主要是由擦去阶段的几何效应和随后的蒸发效应导致的。It is pointed out that the disappearance of isospin effect comes mainly from the geometry effect in abrasion stage and the evaporation process later.

通过在伍兹-萨克逊势深中引入同位旋依赖项，考虑了同位旋效应对核平均势的影响。The isospin effect on the average nuclear potential is taken into account by introducing an isospin-dependent term in the depth of the Woods-Saxon potential.

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同时用统计擦碎模型探讨了碎裂反应产生的同位素分布的同位旋效应。Then the isospin effect of the isotopic distribution produced in the fragmentation reaction was investigated via the modified statistical abrasion-ablation model.

利用同位旋相关的输运理论，研究了中能重离子碰撞中丰中子和缺中子碰撞系统在较宽能区范围内前平衡发射核子的同位旋效应。The isospin dependence of preequilibrium nucleon emission for the neutron deficient colliding system and neutron rich system has been studied in the wide beam energy region.

作者从相对论平均场理论出发，考虑到核子、超子和介子的自由度，研究了不同Σ超子同位旋相互作用对中子星性质的影响。The influences of Σ hyperon isospin interaction on neutron star structure have been studied in the framework of the relativistic mean field theory with nucleons, hyperons, and mesons.

同时研究了对称能与同位旋激发能的关系，指出对称能是同位旋激发能的一部分，且占相当大的比重。Meanwhile, the relationship between the isospin excitation energy and the symmetry energy was discussed and found that the symmetry energy was just a part of the isospin excitation energy.

同时，还比较了在同位旋相关作用势下和同位旋不相关作用势下碎片产物特性的差异。In addition, the features of products in nuclear disassembly with an isospin independent potential is also investigated and used to compare the results from the above isospin dependent potential.

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通过考虑动力学中的壳效应，对同位旋相关的量子分子动力学模型做了进一步改进，并利用改进的量子分子动力学模型对近垒熔合机制做了动力学研究。The isospin dependent quantum molecular dynamics model has been further developed by considering shell effect and the fusion mechanism near Coulomb barrier is studied by using the improved model.

利用改进的量子分子动力学模型，研究了中心和擦边重离子反应中的同位旋效应。The isospin effect in central and peripheral heavy-ion collisions at intermediate energies is studied by means of improved quantum molecular dynamics and isospin dependent quantum molecular model.