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长时间把温度控制在23℃以上，对幼孢子体生长有抑制作用。The growth of young sporophyte was inhibited when temperature was controlled over 23℃ for a long time.

为长柄羽叶藻幼孢子体最佳生长温度，10～20℃为适宜生长温度。The optimum growth temperature of young E. arborea sporophyte was 15℃ and suitable growth temperature was 10—20℃.

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所以二角型不育系是配子体不育还是孢子体不育尚有待进一步研究。So, it is necessary to study whether the sterility of male sterile lines with Ae. bicornis cytoplasm is gametophyte or sporophyte.

不经过减数分裂形成孢子，而直接形成配子体。Apospory, aposporous The development of a gametophyte directly from a sporophyte without the occurrence of meiosis or spore formation.

也用来描述未受精的雌配子发育为孢子的现象。The term also describes the development of an unfertilized female gamete into the sporophyte , a phenomenon described as PARTHENOGENESIS.

在具有世代交替现象的植物中，孢子体是二倍体而配子体是单倍体。In lower plants such as mosses and liverworts the persistent vegetative plant is haploid, the sporophyte being a relatively short-lived phase.

如果这种配子体能够产生可育的配子，那么形成的孢子体通常是四倍体，这样就可以得到大量的多倍体。If such gametophytes produce fertile gametes , the resulting sporophyte is then tetraploid, and large polyploid series may subsequently be developed.

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单倍体植物有丝分裂产生配子体，二倍体减数分裂产生孢子体。The haploid plant produces gametes mitotically and is thus termed the gametophytes while the diploid plant produces spores meiotically and is called the sporophyte.

如果这种配子体能够产生可育的配子，那么形成的孢子体通常是四倍体，这样就可以得到大量的多倍体。If such gametophytes produce fertile gametes, the resulting sporophyte is then tetraploid, and large polyploid series may subsequently be developed. Apospory is found in some mosses and ferns.

生活史中仅有一种生活的单倍体或二倍体的植物体，也就是说其孢子体或配子体世代缺失了。Haplobiontic Describing life cycles in which only one type of somatic body is formed, which may be either haploid or diploid, i. e. either the sporophyte or the gametophyte generation is missing.