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混凝土的基本破坏机理是微开裂。Microcrack is the failure mechanism of concrete.

介绍了一种用于岩石材料微裂纹观察的复型技术。A special surface replica technique for microcrack observation of rocks is introduced.

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细观解理断裂应力主要由临界裂纹的长度决定。The local cleavage fracture stress is mainly determined by the length of the critical microcrack.

对集装箱板冷弯时表面微裂纹的成因进行分析。The mechanism of surface microcrack formation on container plate in cold bending tests was analysed.

纳米级微裂纹可以在主裂纹顶端连接形核扩展，也可以在无位错区中形核、扩展。A microcrack might nucleate at the crack tip and propagate ahead perpendicular to the laminar structure.

微裂纹形核处是晶界、相界或这些界面上的碳化物。The microcrack nuclei are situated in grain boundary, Phase boundary or in carbides lying at the boundaries.

通过装车运行试验，证明显微裂纹在一定条件下有利无害。It is proved that in practical operational test the microcrack is effective and harmless under certain conditions.

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第二阶段是氢助裂纹作用使微裂纹迅追扩展而成为白点核。The microcrack is developed quickly into nucleus in the second stage by hydrogen-assisted cracking in welding seam.

单斜相含量较低、具有一定孔隙率和均匀网状微裂纹的涂层，经二次真空热震后，涂层仍处于完好状态。After the second thermal shocking, the coating which has some porosity and uniform net microcrack is complete still.

消除混晶和方向性的变形晶粒，则冷弯微裂纹即可避免。When the orientation structure and mixed grain were eliminated, the microcrack formed during cold bending can be avoided.

解理的临界事件是由启裂的第二相尺寸的微裂纹向周围基体的扩展。The critical event of cleavage is the propagation of a second phase particle-sized microcrack into the neighboring matrix.

撕裂棱、裂纹前端微裂纹的桥接等因素是阻滞主裂纹扩展的主要机制。Secondary crack, reared ridge, and microcrack in the front of the main crack tip can all hinder crack propagation during low cycle fatigue.

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组织分析显示，两相之间变形不协调是相界微裂纹产生的根本原因。Structure analysis showed that the incoordination in deformation process of two phases is the main reason why microcrack occurs at phase boundary.

由微结构断裂所需耗散能分析计算了岩石微裂纹演化与分形特征。The propagation of rock microcrack is analyzed. The fractal characteristics are analyzed by dissipated energy consumed by microstructure fracture.

在实验变形条件下，煤岩主体的变形表现以破裂与微破裂作用为主。Under experimental deformation conditions, crack and microcrack are the primary characteristics of the deformation of the coal and rock performance.

首先建立单一微裂纹在单轴压缩荷载作用下的力学模型，求出裂纹端部的应力分量。A mechanical model is built firstly for single microcrack under uniaxial compression loading, and the stress component of microcrack end is calculated.

采用声发射监测，发现微裂纹对热震性能影响很大，声发射率增大与裂纹扩展速度成正比。The sound emission monitor shows that microcrack has a great influence on the heat-shock and the cracks are develeped with the frequency of the sound emission.

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冲击断口的SEM照片显示，纳米二氧化硅和纳米碳酸钙诱发银纹的能力显著，是增强增韧环氧树脂的主要原因。SEM impact fracture showed that powerful microcrack induction ability of nano SiO2 and nano CaCO3 was the main reason of enhancement and toughness for epoxy resin.

单位骨小梁面积百分率的微破裂长度和数目可反映药物对骨质疏松的影响，可作为骨结构性能的评价指标。The length and number of microcrack per percent of trabecular area could be used as bone biomechanical marker to evaluate the effectiveness of anti-osteoporostics.

高载荷条件下，穿过骨间质，联接相邻骨单位的较大塑性区也是裂纹萌生的原因。In addition, microcrack could occur in the result of a rather large plastic area which crosses interstitial bone and connected adjacent osteon under high load condition.