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其中与平均海平面重合的面就是大地水准面。Which coincide with the mean sea level surface is the geoid.

海平面升高可以得出一个适当的大地水准面模型使用。MSL elevations can be derived using an appropriate geoid model.

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低速层的存在导致的物质不均匀对大地水准面的影响比较大。The material inhomogeneity because of the low velocity layer has a great effect on geoid.

物理大地测量的主要目标是确定地球外部重力场和大地水准面。The main purpose of physical geodesy is to ascertain the outer Earth gravity field and geoid.

地球体与球的偏差，被用来作为地球平衡的判据。As a criterion of the earth's equilibrium is taken the deviation of the geoid from the spheroid.

此外，还讨论了如何将它们用于绝对重力测量和精化大地水准面的实际中。The practical application of formulae to the absolute gravimetry and refineding geoid are discussed.

本次制作的地球水准面模型在绘制地球地貌时也将会被用来参考。The geoid is also used as a reference surface from which to map the topographical features on the planet.

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在西太平洋中，星球地势起伏的对称受到破坏，那里的地球体表面受到抬升。The symmetry of the planetary relief is broken in the western Pacific where the geoid surface is uplifted.

数据分辨率是影响地球重力场建模和大地水准面精度的重要因素。Data resolution has an important effect on modeling the earth's gravity field and the accuracy of the geoid.

如果我们允许这条沟渠注满海水，沟渠里的水面就代表大地水准面。If we allowed the trench to fill with seawater, the surface of the water in the trench would represent he geoid.

在众多影响重力大地水准面计算精度的因素中，计算模型误差及地面观测数据误差是其中的两个主要误差源。As we know, the errors of computation model and observed data are the major error source of computing gravimetric geoid.

因此，精化大地水准面是一个国家或地区建立现代高程基准的主要任务之一。Therefore geoid refining is one of important missions for the establishment of the height datum in a country or a region.

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均衡重力异常显示出中短波长特性，反映的是地壳上地幔物质分布的失衡和物质调整的动力学特征。Isostatic geoid anomaly has removed effect of shallow crust substance asymmetry, reflects substance distribution of deeper earth.

为了获得这一垂直偏差，很有必要确定当地平均海面和全球大地水准面上的重力位值。In order to evaluate the vertical offset, it is essential to know the geopotential of the mean sea level and of the geoid as well.

由于卫星观测技术的发展，现在已能利用测高大地水准面简捷可靠地研究海底构造与动力问题。With the rapid development of satellite observations, we can use the altimetry geoid to study submarine tectonics and geodynamics.

火山喷发活动还与当地的重力势有关，重力势正异常可能与高的正压力有关，有利于产生特大喷发。The volcanic eruptions are correlated with geoid, the positive geoid anomaly can build up high normal stress, which is in favor of huge eruptions.

图上精确的地球大地水准面是根据洋流、海平面的变化和地球冰川等元素的精确数据测量而成。A precise model of Earth's geoid is crucial for deriving accurate measurements of ocean circulation, sea-level change and terrestrial ice dynamics.

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地球体与球体之间标志的差异，是由地球外壳中地质作用的方向所确定的。The difference of the marks between the geoid and the spheroid is determined by the direction of geological processes in upper envelopes of the earth.

探讨了空中重力扰动的滤波尺度和向下延拓方法对局部大地水准面确定精度的影响。The effects of the downward continuation approaches and the filtering amount on the precise local airborne geoid determination are discussed in detail.

本文采用二次曲面拟合、BP网络和RBF网络进行了GPS高程转换，并在网络结构改进等方面作了分析。In this paper, the fifing method which stimulates the Geoid using quadric polynomial, BP network and RBF network are provided for the GPS height conversion.