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有时候它也叫核间轴。Sometimes it's also called the internuclear axis.

而当我说核间距的时候这里，我们其实还是用，r，来表示它。And when I say internuclear distance, we actually call this r here.

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一个三键，同样的也有沿着核间轴sigma键。A triple bond, again is going to have one sigma bond on the internuclear axis.

记住在我们的课堂上，我们总是把z方向定义为核间轴的方向。And remember for this class, we always define z as the internuclear or the bond axis.

如果我们讨论的是单键，我们讨论的是两个轨道,在核间轴中重叠。If we're talking about a single bond, we're talking about 2 orbitals overlapping in the internuclear axis.

如果我们讨论的是单键，我们讨论的是两个轨道，在核间轴中重叠。If we're talking about a single bond, we're talking about 2 orbitals overlapping in the internuclear axis.

任何时候两个轨道,在核间轴上直接到一起，你就能得到sigma键。Any time two orbitals come straight on together in that internuclear axis, you're going to have a sigma bond.

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当你把两个轨道合在一起,并在核间轴上有相互作用时,就形成了sigma键。And a sigma bond forms any time you have two orbitals coming together and interacting on that internuclear axis.

而我们就能更清楚地看到这些，如果我们画出,能量随核间距的变化曲线。And we can actually better visualize this if we plot how that energy changes as a function of internuclear distance.

单质分子和氮化物与卤化物，其核间距与力常数都表现有相似的行为。The internuclear distances and force constants of the elementary molecules as well as of the nitrides and halides, exhibit a similar behavior.

本文从能量角度入手，建立了键能与原子核间距的函数关系，推导出了一个计算共价键长的公式。From the standpoint of energy concept, a functional relationship correlating bond length and internuclear distance is formulated in this article.

当我们说，r，代表的是核间距的时候，我们讨论的是一个距离,在一个键--一个共价键的两端的原子核之间的距离。When we're talking about r for internuclear distance, we're talking about the distance between two different nuclei in a bond, in a covalent bond.

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由于双原子分子的势能仅是原子核间距的函数，因此双原子分子势能函数被认为是势能函数研究的基础问题。The potential energy function of the diatomic molecule is considered as the basic issues. Because of, it is only the function of the internuclear distance.

虽然在中间有个节面，我想要指出的是,只有节面在核间轴,或者键轴上时,我们才叫它π轨道。So even though we see a nodal plane down the center, I just want to really point out that it's only when we have a nodal plane in the internuclear or the bond axis that we're calling that a pi orbital.

它是sigma键的原因,是因为,杂化轨道直接和氢原子1s轨道相互作用，它们作用发生在核间轴上，它们会到一起。The reason that it's a sigma bond is sp3 because the s p 3 hybrid orbital is directly interacting with the 1 s orbital of the hydrogen atom, and that's going to happen on the internuclear axis, they're just coming together.

这里我们看到sigma键,是沿着核间轴的，但我们还有一个π键，因为每个原子的p轨道上,都有电子，所以电子密度在键的上面,和下面都有电子密度交叠。All right, so what we see here is we have our sigma bond that's along the internuclear axis here, but we also have a pi bond, because each of these atoms now has electrons in it's in a p orbital, so we're going to overlap of electron density above and below the bond.

特别的，z总是形成sigma轨道，这是因为至少在这个课里面,我们总是定义核间轴为z轴，所以这总是z轴，所以2pz轨道总是,朝一个方向出现。Specifically, it's always the z that forms the sigma orbital, and the reason is at least at a minimum for this class we always define the internuclear axis as the z axis, so this is always the z axis, so it's always going to be the 2 p z's that are coming together head-on.

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因此，如果我们来看一看这幅曲线图,这里我们画的横坐标是核间距，也就是这两个氢原子之间的距离，纵坐标是能量，我们看到的这是能量关于核间距的曲线-,这是一条普遍的曲线，在研究任何共价键时你都会遇到，我们马上就会解释一下它是怎么来的。So, if we look at this graph where what we're charting is the internuclear distance, so the distance between these two hydrogen atoms, as a function of energy, -- what we are going to see is a curve that looks like this -- this is the general curve that you'll see for any covalent bond, and we'll explain where that comes from in a minute.