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可选地，电子发射可以通过热离子装置。Alternately, electron emission may be by thermionic means.

该电子源可经由场发射或热离子发射来发射电子。The electron source may emit electrons either via field emission or thermionic emission.

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基于异质结结构热电子发射的热电制冷，是近年来提出的一种高效制冷方法。The thermionic emission cooling employing hetero structure is a high efficient cooling method.

结果表明其效率与铯热离子换能器相近。The results show that the efficiency approaches to that of the caesium thermionic energy converter.

晶体检波器不久即被热电子管所代替，到1939年已大部分变成了废物。The crystal detector was soon replaced by the thermionic value and had largely become obsolete by1939.

为此，人们采用各种类型的激光驱动光电阴极、一些热阴极和场致发射阴极作为电子源。For this purpose, several kinds of laser-driven photocathodes, and some thermionic cathodes and field emission cathodes are applied.

传统的热阴极电子枪存在着工作温度高、启动慢等缺点。Currently conventional thermionic cathode electron gun cannot satisfy people's requirement for high lightness and long lifetime of electron gun.

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应用发射光谱技术研究了T12荧光灯阴极电子发射材料钡的损失。Emission spectroscopic techniques are employed to study the loss of thermionic emission material barium from the cathode of a T12 fluorescent lamp.

同步用美国热电子大气自动监测车载系统监测，则两者差异较大。We monitored with American thermionic air automatic monitoring instrument synchronistically, and found the results of the two method were different obviously.

他们发现并证明了这个方面的有效性，这个方法被称为“光子增强型热离子辐射”简称为PETE，将能够减少太阳能产品的成本，低到足够和石油能源进行竞争。The process, called "photon enhanced thermionic emission," or PETE, could reduce the costs of solar energy production enough for it to compete with oil as an energy source.

我们提出一种用热离子二极管信号特性分析原子和分子里德伯态的离化机制的方法，并以此对钡原子和钡分子的离化通道进行讨论。A new method is proposed for analysing ionization mechanism of the Rydberg states of atoms and molecules with thermionic diode, and the ionization channels of BaI and Ba2 are discussed.

最后，我们的模拟发现，普通SOI结构SBSD-MOSFET能有效阻挡来自源结的热电子发射泄漏电流，但仍不能阻挡来自漏结的隧穿泄漏电流。Finally, our simulation result shows that conventional SOI SBSD-MOSFET can effectively suppress thermionic emission leakage current, but it still can not suppress tunneling leakage current.

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高梯度驻波加速管常伴有电子反轰现象，引起电子枪阴极过热及发射不稳定。The electron back bombardment phenomenon in high accelerating gradient standing wave linear accelerators has been analysed in comparison with that in magnetrons and microwave thermionic guns.

对由于图像采集、传输、量化过程中产生的热电子噪声，利用了邻域平均和加权中值滤波方法来有效地减小。Averaging method of neighborhood and medium filtering method are used to effectively overcome thermionic noise as result of courses of image transferring, gathering and quantization and so on.